安装和启动的常见问题

此处整理在安装和启动pyspider期间,经常遇到的问题和其原因及解决办法。

启动报错:async=True SyntaxError: invalid syntax

  • 运行pyspider报错:

      File "/Users/limao/.pyenv/versions/3.8.0/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pyspider/run.py", line 231
        async=True, get_object=False, no_input=False):
        ^
    SyntaxError: invalid syntax
    
  • 原因:PySpider(很久没继续维护了)最新支持版本是Python 3.6,其把async作为普通函数参数,是没问题的。

    • 但是Python 3.7之后把async改为了系统保留字,表示异步,所以asyc不能再作为普通函数参数名
      • 所以当前环境是Python 3.7+时,就会报语法错误了
  • 解决办法:2种思路:

    • (自己)把代码(中这类的语法错误)都改掉
    • 把当前Python版本换成旧版本:Python 3.6
      • 此处选择换旧版本Python 3.6
  • 步骤

Mac中换Python为3.6

此处以pyenv为例:

先去安装Python 3.6的某个版本:

pyenv install 3.6.8

再去设置使用Python 3.6

  • 本地
    pyenv local 3.6.8
    
  • 或全局
    pyenv global 3.6.8
    

然后重新安装:

pip install pyspider

之后即可正常运行

pyspider

详见:

【已解决】Mac中给Python3安装PySpider

推荐用虚拟环境

在Python的开发中,为了避免不同开发环境的互相影响,一般都会用虚拟环境工具,比如pipenvvirtualenv

注意:此处即使用Python虚拟环境,由于前面提到的问题,PySpider也还是要用Python 3.6

pipenv中安装PySpider

此处是pipenv,为了指定使用Python 3.6则,可以在Pipfile中加上:

[requires]
python_version = "3.6"

贴出完整配置:

[[source]]
#url = "https://pypi.python.org/simple"
url = "https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple"
verify_ssl = true
name = "pypi"

[packages]
pymysql = "*"

[dev-packages]

[requires]
python_version = "3.6"

创建并安装PySpider:

pipenv install pyspider

或:

先创建虚拟环境,再安装PySpider

pipenv install
pipenv shell
pip install pyspider

virtualenv中安装PySpider

关于virtualenv:

  • 创建虚拟环境:virtualenv venv
  • 激活激活环境并进入:
    • Mac/Linux:source venv/bin/activate
      • 或:
        • . venv/bin/activate
      • Win:venv\Scripts\activate.bat
  • 退出虚拟环境:deactivate

virtualenv中安装PySpider:

pip install pyspider

启动报错:pycurl报ImportError错 或 Curl报ConfigurationError错

Mac中,如果安装期间出错:

__main__.ConfigurationError: Curl is configured to use SSL, but we have not been able to determine which SSL backend it is using

或运行时报错:

ImportError: pycurl: libcurl link-time ssl backend (openssl) is different from compile-time ssl backend (none/other)
  • 原因:此处导入pycurl时,发现libcurl运行时所依赖的ssl的底层是openssl,和当时编译时的版本不匹配
  • 解决办法:重新编译安装,使得版本一致
  • 步骤
pip uninstall -y pycurl
export PYCURL_SSL_LIBRARY=openssl
export LDFLAGS=-L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib;export CPPFLAGS=-I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include;pip install pycurl --compile --no-cache-dir

附上,进入虚拟环境后再操作的例子:

➜  ChildQuPeiYinApp_downloadDemo pipenv shell
Launching subshell in virtual environment…
 . /Users/crifan/.local/share/virtualenvs/ChildQuPeiYinApp_downloadDemo-IRhFV7xw/bin/activate
➜  ChildQuPeiYinApp_downloadDemo  . /Users/crifan/.local/share/virtualenvs/ChildQuPeiYinApp_downloadDemo-IRhFV7xw/bin/activate
➜  ChildQuPeiYinApp_downloadDemo pip uninstall pycurl
Skipping pycurl as it is not installed.
➜  ChildQuPeiYinApp_downloadDemo export PYCURL_SSL_LIBRARY=openssl
➜  ChildQuPeiYinApp_downloadDemo export LDFLAGS=-L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib;export CPPFLAGS=-I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include;pip install pycurl --compile --no-cache-dir
Collecting pycurl
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e8/e4/0dbb8735407189f00b33d84122b9be52c790c7c3b25286826f4e1bdb7bde/pycurl-7.43.0.2.tar.gz (214kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 215kB 198kB/s
Installing collected packages: pycurl
  Running setup.py install for pycurl ... done
Successfully installed pycurl-7.43.0.2

注意:上述的:

  • /usr/local/opt/openssl是你的openssl安装路径
    • 如果你的不是这个路径, 要换成你的实际路径
    • 对应的
      • /usr/local/opt/openssl/liblib库的路径
      • /usr/local/opt/openssl/includeinclude头文件的路径

详见:

启动报错:fatal error openssl/ssl.h file not found

如果上面步骤:

export LDFLAGS=-L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib;export CPPFLAGS=-I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include;pip install pycurl --compile --no-cache-dir

报错:

    In file included from src/docstrings.c:4:
    src/pycurl.h:165:13: fatal error: 'openssl/ssl.h' file not found
    #   include <openssl/ssl.h>
    1 error generated.
    error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
  • 直接原因:找不到openssl/ssl.h
  • 多种可能
    • 之前没安装过openssl
      • 解决办法:Mac中去安装:
        brew install openssl
        
        • 然后再重试即可
    • Mac中已安装过openssl
      • 所以此处Mac中是有openssl/ssl.h的,只是传入的路径不对
      • 解决办法:找到已安装的openssl的实际路径,传入正确的路径。
      • 步骤

找到已安装的openssl的实际安装路径

brew info openssl

可以看到有:

/usr/local/Cellar/[email protected]/1.1.1d (7,983 files, 17.9MB)

其中的:

/usr/local/Cellar/[email protected]/1.1.1d

就是我们要的,此处openssl的实际安装路径

通过

open /usr/local/Cellar/[email protected]/1.1.1d

确认是有对应的:

/usr/local/Cellar/[email protected]/1.1.1d/include/openssl/ssl.h

这个文件的。所以传入路径应该改为:

/usr/local/Cellar/[email protected]/1.1.1d/include

完整命令是:

export LDFLAGS=-L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib;export CPPFLAGS=-I/usr/local/Cellar/[email protected]/1.1.1d/include;pip install pycurl --compile --no-cache-dir

详见:

【已解决】Mac中pip安装pycurl报错:fatal error openssl/ssl.h file not found

启动报错:Error Could not create web server listening on port 25555

  • 现象:运行pyspider时能看到有错误
    • Error: Could not create web server listening on port 25555
  • 原因:之前已启动过pyspider,其内部会默认启动phantomjs,而虽然之前虽然已关闭掉pyspider,但是没有杀掉phantomjs的进程,导致端口25555被占用,而报错
  • 解决办法:杀掉端口是25555phantomjs进程即可
  • 步骤
    • phantomjs进程ID:
      • ps aux | grep 25555
    • 杀掉对应进程
      • kill -9 xxx
  • 举例
✘ limao@xxx  ~/dev/crifan/python/demo_spider  ps aux | grep 25555
limao            35620   0.0  0.0  4277272    820 s002  R+   10:27上午   0:00.00 grep --color=auto --exclude-dir=.bzr --exclude-dir=CVS --exclude-dir=.git --exclude-dir=.hg --exclude-dir=.svn 25555
limao            33983   0.0  0.4  6130968  34128 s002  S    10:17上午   0:30.45 phantomjs --ssl-protocol=any --disk-cache=true /Users/limao/.pyenv/versions/3.6.8/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pyspider/fetcher/phantomjs_fetcher.js 25555
 limao@xxx  ~/dev/crifan/python/demo_spider  kill -9 33983

之后即可正常启动pyspider,且能看到phantomjs可以正常启动了:

phantomjs fetcher running on port 25555

启动报错:Deprecated option domaincontroller use http_authenticator.domain_controller instead

启动报错:

  File "/Users/limao/.pyenv/versions/3.6.8/lib/python3.6/site-packages/wsgidav/wsgidav_app.py", line 118, in _check_config
    raise ValueError("Invalid configuration:\n  - " + "\n  - ".join(errors))
ValueError: Invalid configuration:
  - Deprecated option 'domaincontroller': use 'http_authenticator.domain_controller' instead.
  • 原因wsgidav版本兼容问题
  • 解决办法:换兼容的没问题的旧版本2.4.1
  • 步骤
pip install wsgidav==2.4.1

启动报错:ImportError cannot import name DispatcherMiddleware

启动报错:

  File "/Users/limao/.pyenv/versions/3.6.8/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pyspider/webui/app.py", line 64, in run
    from werkzeug.wsgi import DispatcherMiddleware
ImportError: cannot import name 'DispatcherMiddleware'
  • 原因werkzeug版本兼容问题
  • 解决办法:换兼容的没问题的旧版本0.16.1
  • 步骤
pip install werkzeug==0.16.1

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