dict字典
删除dict中某个键（和值）
- 常见写法：
del yourDict["keyToDelete"] - 更加Pythonic的写法：
yourDict.pop("keyToDelete")
注意：
为了防止出现KeyError，注意确保要删除的key都是存在的，否则就要先判断存在，再去删除。
OrderedDict
想要获取OrderedDict的最后一个item（的key和value）
next(reversed(someOrderedDict.items()))
另外，只需要获取最后一个元素的key，则可以：
next(reversed(someOrderedDict.keys()))
或：
next(reversed(someOrderedDict))
详见：
【已解决】Python中获取OrderedDict中最后一个元素
合并2个dict的值
（1）如果无需保留原有（第一个dict）的值，则用update即可：
firstDict.update(secondDict)
支持：Python >=3.5
（2）如果要保留之前的dict的值，则用**展开
thirdDict = (**firstDict, **secondDict)
支持：Python 2和 Python <=3.4
详见：
【已解决】Python中如何合并2个dict字典变量的值
有序字典OrderedDict的初始化
from collections import OrderedDict
orderedDict = OrderedDict()
后续正常作为普通dict使用
>>> from collections import OrderedDict
>>> orderedDict = OrderedDict()
>>> orderedDict["key2"] = "value2"
>>> orderedDict["key1"] = "value1"
>>> orderedDict["key3"] = "value3"
>>> orderedDict
OrderedDict([('key2', 'value2'), ('key1', 'value1'), ('key3', 'value3')])
dict的递归的合并更新
def recursiveMergeDict(aDict, bDict):
"""
Recursively merge dict a to b, return merged dict b
Note: Sub dict and sub list's won't be overwritten but also updated/merged
example:
(1) input and output example:
input:
{
"keyStr": "strValueA",
"keyInt": 1,
"keyBool": true,
"keyList": [
{
"index0Item1": "index0Item1",
"index0Item2": "index0Item2"
},
{
"index1Item1": "index1Item1"
},
{
"index2Item1": "index2Item1"
}
]
}
and
{
"keyStr": "strValueB",
"keyInt": 2,
"keyList": [
{
"index0Item1": "index0Item1_b"
},
{
"index1Item1": "index1Item1_b"
}
]
}
output:
{
"keyStr": "strValueB",
"keyBool": true,
"keyInt": 2,
"keyList": [
{
"index0Item1": "index0Item1_b",
"index0Item2": "index0Item2"
},
{
"index1Item1": "index1Item1_b"
},
{
"index2Item1": "index2Item1"
}
]
}
(2) code usage example:
import copy
cDict = recursiveMergeDict(aDict, copy.deepcopy(bDict))
Note:
bDict should use deepcopy, otherwise will be altered after call this function !!!
"""
aDictItems = None
if (sys.version_info[0] == 2): # is python 2
aDictItems = aDict.iteritems()
else: # is python 3
aDictItems = aDict.items()
for aKey, aValue in aDictItems:
# print("------ [%s]=%s" % (aKey, aValue))
if aKey not in bDict:
bDict[aKey] = aValue
else:
bValue = bDict[aKey]
# print("aValue=%s" % aValue)
# print("bValue=%s" % bValue)
if isinstance(aValue, dict):
recursiveMergeDict(aValue, bValue)
elif isinstance(aValue, list):
aValueListLen = len(aValue)
bValueListLen = len(bValue)
bValueListMaxIdx = bValueListLen - 1
for aListIdx in range(aValueListLen):
# print("---[%d]" % aListIdx)
aListItem = aValue[aListIdx]
# print("aListItem=%s" % aListItem)
if aListIdx <= bValueListMaxIdx:
bListItem = bValue[aListIdx]
# print("bListItem=%s" % bListItem)
recursiveMergeDict(aListItem, bListItem)
else:
# print("bDict=%s" % bDict)
# print("aKey=%s" % aKey)
# print("aListItem=%s" % aListItem)
bDict[aKey].append(aListItem)
return bDict
调用举例：
templateJson = {
"author": "Crifan Li <[email protected]>",
"description": "gitbook书的描述",
"gitbook": "3.2.3",
"language": "zh-hans",
"links": { "sidebar": { "主页": "http://www.crifan.com" } },
"plugins": [
"theme-comscore",
"anchors",
"-lunr",
"-search",
"search-plus",
"disqus",
"-highlight",
"prism",
"prism-themes",
"github-buttons",
"splitter",
"-sharing",
"sharing-plus",
"tbfed-pagefooter",
"expandable-chapters-small",
"ga",
"donate",
"sitemap-general",
"copy-code-button",
"callouts",
"toolbar-button"
],
"pluginsConfig": {
"callouts": { "showTypeInHeader": false },
"disqus": { "shortName": "crifan" },
"donate": {
"alipay": "https://www.crifan.com/files/res/crifan_com/crifan_alipay_pay.jpg",
"alipayText": "支付宝打赏给Crifan",
"button": "打赏",
"title": "",
"wechat": "https://www.crifan.com/files/res/crifan_com/crifan_wechat_pay.jpg",
"wechatText": "微信打赏给Crifan"
},
"ga": { "token": "UA-28297199-1" },
"github-buttons": {
"buttons": [
{
"count": true,
"repo": "gitbook_name",
"size": "small",
"type": "star",
"user": "crifan"
},
{
"count": false,
"size": "small",
"type": "follow",
"user": "crifan",
"width": "120"
}
]
},
"prism": { "css": ["prism-themes/themes/prism-atom-dark.css"] },
"sharing": {
"all": [
"douban",
"facebook",
"google",
"instapaper",
"line",
"linkedin",
"messenger",
"pocket",
"qq",
"qzone",
"stumbleupon",
"twitter",
"viber",
"vk",
"weibo",
"whatsapp"
],
"douban": false,
"facebook": true,
"google": false,
"hatenaBookmark": false,
"instapaper": false,
"line": false,
"linkedin": false,
"messenger": false,
"pocket": false,
"qq": true,
"qzone": false,
"stumbleupon": false,
"twitter": true,
"viber": false,
"vk": false,
"weibo": true,
"whatsapp": false
},
"sitemap-general": {
"prefix": "https://book.crifan.com/gitbook/gitbook_name/website/"
},
"tbfed-pagefooter": {
"copyright": "crifan.com，使用<a \"href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.zh\">署名4.0国际(CC \"BY 4.0)协议</a>发布",
"modify_format": "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss",
"modify_label": "最后更新："
},
"theme-default": { "showLevel": true },
"toolbar-button": {
"icon": "fa-file-pdf-o",
"label": "下载PDF",
"url": "http://book.crifan.com/books/gitbook_name/pdf/gitbook_name.pdf"
}
},
"root": "./src",
"title": "Gitbook的书名"
}
currentJson = {
"description": "crifan整理的Python各个方面常用的代码段，供需要的参考。",
"pluginsConfig": {
"github-buttons": { "buttons": [{ "repo": "python_common_code_snippet" }] },
"sitemap-general": {
"prefix": "https://book.crifan.com/gitbook/python_common_code_snippet/website/"
},
"toolbar-button": {
"url": "http://book.crifan.com/books/python_common_code_snippet/pdf/python_common_code_snippet.pdf"
}
},
"title": "Python常用代码段"
}
bookJson = recursiveMergeDict(templateJson, copy.deepcopy(currentJson))